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September 11, 2018

By Timothy C. Tennent, PhD  |  Adapted from The ESV Study Bible

The Revelations of the Qur’an

There is no more widely recognized utterance of the Islamic faith than the declaration known as the shahadah: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah.” Islam is about Allah and his prophet, Muhammad. The Qur’an teaches that Muhammad was an ordinary man (43:31). Yet, according to Muslims, Allah sovereignly chose Muhammad to receive a series of revelations through the intermediary presence of the angel Gabriel. While Muhammad was praying and fasting in the hills outside of Mecca in A.D. 610, Gabriel appeared to him.

Many Muslims believe the first revelation to Muhammad was the command to “Recite in the Name of Thy Lord” (96:1). These revelations continued until Muhammad’s death in A.D. 632 (17:82). According to Islamic traditions, approximately 20 years after Muhammad’s death his “recitations” were written down and codified into a collection of 114 chapters (called surahs) known as the Qur’an. The word “Qur’an” is Arabic for “recitation.” The Qur’an, containing 6,346 verses (known as aya), is approximately the same size as the NT. The first chapter of the Qur’an is known as “The Opening” and is widely regarded as the greatest summary of the Islamic message. The remaining chapters are arranged by length from the longest to the shortest.

The Qur’an and the OT

The emergence of Islam and the Qur’an can be properly understood only within the larger context of the Bible and the monotheism of Islam’s two main predecessors, Judaism and Christianity. The dozens of superficial similarities between the Qur’an and the Bible are striking. For example, in the Qur’an, Allah creates the earth in six days (25:59), culminating in the creation of the first man, Adam. Adam and his wife eat of the forbidden fruit and become aware of their nakedness (20:115–122). Allah sends Moses to confront Pharaoh, inflict the plagues on Egypt, and lead the Israelites out of Egypt through the parting of the Red Sea (26:9–75). Allah gives Moses the Ten Commandments on two stone tablets, which are subsequently broken (7:143–150).

The emergence of Islam and the Qur’an can be properly understood only within the larger context of the Bible and the monotheism of Islam’s two main predecessors, Judaism and Christianity.

Throughout the Qur’an several of the Ten Commandments are repeated, including the commands to “serve no other gods” (24:55), refrain from making idols (4:116), not covet (4:32), not murder (6:151), and honor one’s father and mother (6:151). In the Qur’an one can read about such familiar OT stories as Noah building the ark and preaching judgment to his generation (11:25–49; 23:23–32); Joseph being betrayed by his brothers, sold to a caravan of travelers, and brought to Egypt (12:7–21); King David’s adultery with Bathsheba (28:21–25); the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon (27:22–44); and Jonah being swallowed by the great fish (37:139–148). There are times, however, when the Qur’anic version has surprising departures, historically and theologically, from the biblical account. For example, Abraham is asked to sacrifice Ishmael rather than Isaac (cf. 37:100–111), and Jesus Christ is not accorded his full status.

The Qur’an and Christian Theology…

Islamic View of God and the Trinity

Islam teaches a doctrine of absolute monotheism known as tawhid. Absolute monotheism is distinct from the Trinitarian monotheism of Christianity in that the Qur’an permits no distinctions within God. Christianity teaches that there is one God, known in three eternal persons. While Muslims welcome the Christian affirmation of one God, they maintain that belief in the three persons compromises the unity of God and makes Christianity functionally tritheistic (i.e., believing in three gods; see 4:171).

Islamic View of Jesus Christ

The Qur’an has dozens of references to Jesus (Isa in Arabic), found in 15 different surahs of the Qur’an. Jesus is often called ibn Maryam (“son of Mary”), a phrase that appears only once in the NT (Mark 6:3). The Qur’an also refers to him as “servant of Allah” (19:30), “messiah” (5:75), and “messenger/prophet” (61:6). The Qur’an even gives Jesus several honorific titles, including a “Word from Him” (3:45; 4:171), a “Spirit from God” (4:171), and a “Sign for all peoples” (19:21; 21:91).

Several of these titles appear consistent with Christian claims about Jesus. Indeed, the Qur’an often speaks positively about him: Jesus was born without sin to the Virgin Mary (3:47; 19:19, 20; 21:91; 66:12) and was a miracle worker (2:253; 3:49; 5:110; 43:63; 61:6) whose ministry was foretold by John the Baptist (3:39). Yet, several surahs denounce any view of Christ that would elevate him beyond the status of a human prophet. Indeed, some passages in the Qur’an seem to deliberately contradict the biblical proclamation about Jesus Christ. For example, “Those who say: ‘The Lord of Mercy has begotten a son,’ preach a monstrous falsehood, at which the very heavens might crack, the earth break asunder, and the mountains crumble to dust … that they should ascribe a son to the Merciful, when it does not become Him to beget one!” (19:88–91). In Surah 61, Jesus is pictured as a prophet heralding the way for the coming of Muhammad (61:6). Surah 4 teaches that Jesus was not crucified on the cross (4:155–159). Thus, while respecting Jesus as a prophet of God, the Qur’an does not affirm the deity of Jesus Christ or his death as a substitute payment for sins.

Islamic View of Sin and Humanity

Traditional Islamic teaching does not accept that humans were created in the image of God. Islam has no doctrine of a sin nature and therefore does not believe that humanity is either depraved or fallen. Instead, men and women have the innate capacity to believe and submit to the Islamic revelation. Islam classifies the entire human race into four categories. The first is jahiliyyah, meaning those in a “state of ignorance” (5:50) who do not have a monotheistic revelation and have not yet heard Muhammad’s message. The second are the ahl al-kitab, or “People of the Book.” These are monotheistic people who have not received the Qur’an but who have a book of revelation, such as Christians and Jews (see, e.g., 2:105; 3:64–199; 4:123; 5:15; 29:46; 33:26; 57:29; 59:11; 98:1–6). The third category is Muslim, an Arabic word meaning “those who submit”; it refers to monotheists who have submitted to Allah and regard the Qur’an as Allah’s greatest (some say, eternal) revelation and Muhammad as the final “seal” of the prophets (33:40). The fourth category refers to those peoples who have heard the message of Islam but rejected it, the kafir (meaning “unbeliever” or “infidel”).

Islamic View of Other Religions

Muslims universally affirm that Islam is the highest and only non-corrupted religion. Christianity and Judaism are accorded some respect as monotheistic religions flowing from the Abrahamic tradition (29:46). All other religions are generally regarded as expressions of human ignorance and an unwillingness to submit to Allah.

Islamic View of Salvation

Since Muslims do not accept the doctrine of the fall or of a subsequent sin nature, there is no need of redemption. Islamic “salvation” is understood almost wholly as future deliverance from final judgment. Many Muslims maintain that whoever believes in the oneness of God (tawhid) and the prophethood of Muhammad will be saved from the fire of judgment. Other Muslims insist on submission to Allah through adherence to the five pillars of Islam: confession of faith (shahadah), daily ritual prayer (salat), the giving of alms (zakat), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), and a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Based on revered Islamic traditions known as Hadith, some Muslims believe that Allah grants Muhammad the honor of interceding for the entire Islamic community at the final judgment, allowing all Muslims to be saved.

Since Muslims do not accept the doctrine of the fall or of a subsequent sin nature, there is no need of redemption.

Islamic View of the Bible

Muslims universally regard the Bible as a corrupted text. The doctrine of corruption (tahrif) asserts that the transmission of Jewish and Christian texts was unreliable (5:13–14), or Christians and Jews willfully altered the biblical texts because of enmity or jealously (2:109). On the other hand, the Qur’an does affirm Allah’s sending revelation in the Torah and the Gospels (Injil) (5:46, 67, 69, 71). Furthermore, the Qur’an says that Jesus’ words should be “believed” (4:171; 5:78), and even commands the Muslims to listen to those who had the Torah/Injil before the Qur’an, calling it a “Truth come to thee from Thy Lord” (10:94).

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In this article adapted from the ESV Study Bible, Timothy C. Tennent—president of Asbury Theological Seminary and professor of world Christianity—explains how the Islamic faith approaches various theological topics, including the Old and New Testaments, sin, Jesus, salvation, violence, and civil government.

by Steve DuPlessie

So first, Why are we doing this 31-week project using The Story as a Bible study tool together? Actually there are four answers to that question, Why?. Answer number one: We’re doing this to learn more about God; to learn more about God and his grand narrative that’s written out for us in the stories of the Bible, from Genesis to Revelation.

The second goal is unity.  By doing this study together on every level at GNBC—with the children in GNKids, with the students in Youth Ministry, with adults in mid-week Life Groups, and here in the Sunday sermon series—we’re including everyone, unifying the whole church family, moving in the same direction together; literally everyone’s on the same page at the same time.

Third, we’re doing this because every level is focused on the same part of the story each week, adults can easily engage their kids, their teens, and each other: “So what did you learn from that?” And use that as an opportunity to engage whole families in a conversation about God, and his word, the Bible, week by week during this series.

Fourth, to do this project together, we’re going to use a tool to help make the Bible accessible to everyone, including seasoned saints who in fact may never have read the whole Bible, and … total neophytes, just beginning to figure out what the Bible is all about.

USING THE STORY AS A BIBLE STUDY TOOL…
So the tool we’re using in this project is called The Story—it’s an abridged, chronological Bible in the NIV version that reads like a novel. There are no chapter-and-verse references, and the Scripture segments are seamlessly woven together with some transition text into a single grand narrative in 31 chapters; each chapter around a particular story in the Bible. For those intimidated or overwhelmed by the un-abridged Bible, The Story helps people understand God’s Word more fully and engage with it more easily, leaves them hungry to read the whole thing.

See, many people have never read the Bible. It seems intimidating: Qhere do I start? If I start in Genesis 1, it starts out interesting but then it seems to bog down and I can’t really figure out what’s going on. If I start in the NT, Matthew 1, I immediately get buried in a long list of genealogies with some names I can’t pronounce, and it doesn’t seem to make any sense.

Face it, the Bible can be intimidating, even to those who want to read and understand it. I won’t embarrass you by asking who has actually read the whole thing. Most people read, and then they re-read, their favorite Psalms, or maybe Romans or Ephesians or Philippians, or a favorite chapter or some favorite verses, or whatever their daily devotional tells them to read today, most of us don’t spend a lot of time in Leviticus or Lamentations or Revelation—and that’s like reading only a part of a love letter, you get some of the story, but not the whole story.

And the division of the Bible into chapters and verses makes it easy to find your favorite chapter or verse, but it actually makes it harder to understand the whole thing. It’s like I gave you the first Star Wars DVD, told you to skip ahead to one hour and 7 minutes, and then expect you to understand what is going on. Just not possible.

See, the chapter and verse divisions weren’t part of the original Bible. The original epistle or letter to the Romans was intended to be read the way you read any letter, from start to finish; not reading chapter 8 today, chapter 9 tomorrow, and then chapter 10 when you remember to pick it up again. But that’s the way most of us read the Bible, a chapter or two a day, or a section of verses at a time. Not only do we miss the bigger picture, but we can easily misunderstand something, sometimes seriously.

So you need to remember those chapter divisions were added as a convenience by English Archbishop Langton around the year 1220, over a thousand years after the NT was written, 900 years after the church fathers confirmed which books were actually scripture. And the verse divisions? … they were added as a further convenience for his customers by an English printer of Bibles, Robert Estienne, in the year 1551, more than 300 years after the chapter divisions were established. So for most of its history, people have read the Bible as a continuous story, not just their favorite chapters or favorite verses. But we’ve lost that sense.

So this book, The Story, it doesn’t replace your regular Bible. It’s just a tool, a tool to help you read the Bible as a continuous story. It’s not a complete Bible; it’s an abridged Bible, not unlike a pocket NT that some of us carry, or the Story Bible I read with my kids at bedtime every night for years. We called it a Bible, for the kids, knowing that it didn’t contain every word of a full Bible. So we’re going to use this tool, an abridged Bible, without the normal chapter and verse divisions, to help us get the narrative of a full Bible.

I’m expecting that some of you—some who have been in the Word for many years—will be excited to be encouragers as we try to introduce kids, students, and adults to God’s story using this book as a tool. Actually, it’s not really much different from the daily devotional tool you might already use every day. Some of you use Our Daily Bread every day as a devotional guide, knowing it’s not really the whole Bible. Some of you use Spurgeon’s excellent Morning and Evening devotional, some faithfully use Oswald Chamber’s classic, My Utmost For His Highest, and some use Jesus Calling by Sara Young.  They’re helpful tools, but they don’t contain the whole Bible and they surely don’t replace the Bible.

BRING YOUR BIBLE WITH YOU…
So I want you to bring your regular Bible with you every Sunday. Take notes in your regular Bible here every week. There’s a Bible Reference Chart inserted in your Program this morning to show you which actual Scriptures from the NIV translation are included in each of the 31 chapters of The Story.  And you can read the rest of the chapters, the ones not on the Reference Chart, if you really want to get the whole text.

One good feature of The Story, which reads like a story, is that it’s … chronological. It puts the Bible readings from the NIV translation in the order they happened. So the story of David from I & II Samuel includes the Psalms that are appropriate for that part of the story. The life and ministry of Jesus is a compilation taken, in chronological order, from all four gospels. And the ministry of the Apostle Paul integrates the history chapters from Acts with the appropriate chapters from Paul’s letters. I think the narrative format of The Story … will encourage you to sit down with a cup of coffee and read an entire unit, including many chapters from the Bible—not just a few isolated devotional verses from the Bible—in one sitting.

So the hope of the elders is that you will get excited—like we are—about reading and understanding the Bible, and getting to know God’s incredible narrative of redemption and reconciliation in the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, from the beginning to the end.

by Steve DuPlessie

“Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished. Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven. – Matthew 5:17-20

So to be clear here, Jesus told them right up front: All the old Laws of Moses, all that stuff Moses taught at Mount Sinai, not just the Ten Commandments, but that, plus all the other (Heb.) mitzvot or laws—the 248 positive commandments: the 365 negative commands or prohibitions, 613 in all—they all still stand!

To make sure they understood, Jesus continued, verse 18: “I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not even the smallest detail of God’s law will disappear until its purpose is achieved.” Ok, so other translations that are more literal than the NLT say, “…not an iota, not a dot…” or “…not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.”

The small print…
Jesus was referring to yod, the smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet, translated as the English letter y, or a keraia, or tittle—just a pen stroke, the tiny hook on some Hebrew letters that distinguishes them, like the tiny pen stroke that distinguishes between a capital O and a capital Q in the English alphabet. So the point is, Jesus said nothing in his teaching, nothing—not even the really tiny stuff—will change or be eliminated from the Law of Moses. It all applies. It all still stands.

Jesus continued, verse 19… “So if you ignore the least commandment…” One of the commandments on the list of 613 is #185, [Lev 11:42] Do not eat non-kosher maggots, (I didn’t know there was such a thing as kosher maggots!) or #606, [Dt 23:13] Every soldier must have a shovel.

So Jesus said, “If you ignore even the least commandment, and you teach others to do the same, you will be called the least in the Kingdom of Heaven. But anyone who obeys God’s laws, and teaches them, will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven!” Verse 20, “But I warn you—unless your righteousness is better than the righteousness of the teachers of religious law and the Pharisees, you will never enter the Kingdom of Heaven!” Wow!

How is that possible?
So what are we supposed to do with that? Besides the obvious that Jesus took all the Hebrew Scriptures very seriously, Jesus also made it really, really clear to his followers, “nothing changes!” Nothing in the Law of Moses changes, it all still applies. So if that’s the case, then why are we meeting here today and not yesterday? How come I trimmed the corners of my hair, and had bacon for breakfast?

How is it even possible for me to live a more diligent life than a serious minded Jew who not only knows all 613 Mitzvot, but is working really, really hard, every day, to keep every single one of the ones that still apply today without a temple or a priesthood? How can my righteousness possibly exceed a sincere and diligent Jew? In what world would God look at me, or at you, and say that your righteousness is better than the best Jew?

Ahh. There’s the rub…
Of course, I can’t, you can’t, possibly measure up, no matter how hard I try. In fact, the Law of Moses teaches me … that I’m not good enough. I need a savior. Not only a savior to save me, but a power outside of myself to live a righteous, good and holy life before God. And thank God I have a savior, and I have a power…

Jesus said he did not come to abolish or do away with the Law, but he did come to fulfill or accomplish it. He was diligent to do all that that Law required. He didn’t miss any of the 613. He was the first, and the last, human to stand sinless (2 Corinthians 5:21; 1 Peter 2:22) and without any accusation before his Father in Heaven.

On the cross, where he died for you and for me to bring us to God, he said, “It is finished!” (John 19:30). Not just the work of saving broken people far from God, but he also accomplished all that the Law required: he was the sacrifice that replaces all the sacrifices mandatory in the Law; he was the priest that is superior to all the priests who had to offer sacrifices for their own sin; and, and his righteousness is transferred to your account, to my account, so his Father can look at you and see that the Law is already fully completed in you—because of Jesus!

So later, the Apostle Paul wrote to the Galatians, “The Law is a schoolteacher who brings you to Christ,” (Galatians 3:24). And he wrote in his letter to the Romans, “…you are not under Law but under grace,” (Romans 6:14). The Law was given to the Jewish people, to reveal God’s holiness; and to show them their own inability to please God, their need for a savior. Jesus accomplished that, fulfilled all of that, so you and I are no longer under the burden, the obligation of the Law.

Our righteousness before God is not based on keeping the Law perfectly, as if anyone could do that, but trusting that Jesus is God’s solution to our sin problem.

by Steve DuPlessie

I used to think that if I led by example, just doing what needed to be done, what should be done, then others would notice that, they’d get it and they’d praise God. And maybe they’d even follow my example.

So after many years of trying that strategy, I’ve finally got to admit … it doesn’t work. Some people notice the good example; but actually most don’t. Of those who do notice, many then dismiss it: “Hey, that’s great he did that; but that’s not for me.”

Others notice and actually follow my example, but they don’t know … why. They don’t know why I do what I do. Because I never gave them an explanation. Example without explanation is usually ineffective. I’ve got to seize the opportunity to not just demonstrate what followers of Jesus do, but I need to explain the Why, why I do what I do.

Ok, so I’ve been volunteering as a classroom aide for an hour and a half every Tuesday morning in Mrs. B’s Kindergarten classroom at Studley School for the last 10 years. And I assumed that was effective “Light;” you know, good works that will glorify my Father in heaven.

Guess what? Nope. Nothing. Zilch. Nada. If anything, people see that and say, “Hey, isn’t he a good guy to help out the kids like that.” Or, if they actually know me, they might think “He must be doing court-assigned community service hours for some bad driving charges!” And God doesn’t get the glory because … I never told anyone Why I volunteer.

Jesus said, “You are (not Should be, or Might be) you are the light of the world—like a city on a hilltop that cannot be hidden. (People are watching you!) No one lights a lamp and then puts it under a basket. Instead, a lamp is placed on a stand, where it gives light to everyone in the house. In the same way, let your good deeds shine out for all to see, so that everyone will praise your heavenly Father,” [Matthew 5:14-16]

So do you glow in the dark? Can people see you shining? Are there some good works happening that people can see? Do they know why? Why you serve meals at City Supper? Do they know why you take in foster children? Do they know why you volunteer to coach volleyball? Do they know why you baby sit your neighbor’s kids? Do they know why you care for that senior citizen who has no family around to help them?

Have you ever told them, “I do this because I’m a follower of Jesus, and he told us to love our neighbors.” “I do this because I love Jesus and he told his followers to care for the least of these.” “I do this because I want to bring the love and grace of God to people who really need it like I do.” Be a light, and give them the Why.

So it’s not just, “Does your light shine?” It’s “Do you glow in the dark so that they see your good works and glorify your Father who is in heaven?”

by Steve DuPlessie

One day as he saw the crowds gathering, Jesus went up on the mountainside and sat down. His disciples gathered around him, and he began to teach them, saying…

All in…
So, these 8 beatitudes as they’re usually called, they don’t describe 8 different kinds of followers of Jesus: some are meek and some are merciful; some are poor in spirit and those guys over there are the peacemakers. No, all 8 of these very distinctive character traits are supposed to be characteristic of all followers of Jesus because … they all follow from the first one: an honest self-assessment of ourselves before a holy, holy, holy, God.

No slapping the king on the back, “How’ ya doing, bro!” No posturing in the best dressed clothes, all primped and polished. No. Humbly laying outstretched, flat on our face, pleading for God’s mercy. That’s the only posture before a king. That bowing down before him, that’s called … worship.

See, it’s ultimately not about me, not about you. I know we talk about being chosen and loved, redeemed and forgiven, saved and on the way heaven, and that’s very, very biblical and true, but it’s not really about you or about me. It’s about living in the kingdom, conscious every day who the King really is. Deb gave me a good quote the other day…

 It’s not about building my brand; it’s about building the kingdom.

Jesus said, “God blesses those who are poor in spirit, so they mourn, so they’re meek, so hunger and thirst for righteousness, and they’re merciful, and pure in heart-peace-makers, who are persecuted for righteousness sake … for theirs is the kingdom of heaven, they will be comforted, they’ll inherit the earth, they’ll be satisfied, they’ll receive mercy, they’ll see God, and they’ll be called the children of God for the kingdom of heaven … is theirs!”